Paraelectric-Resonance Spectroscopy

A theoretical description of paraelectric resonance is presented and analyzed in sufficient detail for comparison with experimental data on KCl. Some possible models for a paraelectric entity in relatively pure KCl are obtained, all of which can be distinguished from each other by further measurements. The simplest description and the one that fits best is a system of eight $〈111〉$ dipoles with tunneling energy ${\Delta }_e$ of 10 GHz (a 21-GHz zero-field splitting) and an uncorrected electric-dipole moment $\mu$ of 7 D. This is consistent with substitutional ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$ ions, but not with O${\mathrm{H}}^{-}$ ions, which are known to be six $〈100〉$ dipoles. Other less prominent structure was not explained by this description.