Pulsed laser ablation of calcified tissue: physical mechanisms and fundamental parameters

Abstract
Based upon a consideration of the morphology of calcified tissue, a two component picture of ablation is postulated in which the soft connective tissue matrix is vaporized and entrains and removes the hard calcium salts. The dependence of the ablation process on laser irradiance, fluence and wavelength is discussed, including estimates of optimal ranges of those parameters for practical applications.

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