Transillumination and Visualization of the Anterior Fundus

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Abstract
Transillumination for fundus examination was described in the past by Hagedorn,1Weve,2and Goldmann.3It was not entirely satisfactory because of the redness of the image in which details of the fundus were difficult to discern. The method was therefore abandoned in favor of illumination through the pupil with the ophthalmoscope. Goldmann,3Bangerter,4and others still use transillumination for scleral localization of retinal breaks and Schepens7for locating larger blood vessels to avoid puncture and hemorrhage. During examination of the fundus for the measurement of choroidal thickness5using filtered transillumination, details were observed that could not be seen with white light which rendered the fundus almost homogeneously red. As organic substances and biologic structures have individual maxima of light transmission and absorption, different filters must of necessity reveal or obscure specific details. Transillumination with filtered light was therefore investigated. Method A transilluminator (Fig

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