Sea Surface Temperature Sensitivity to Water Turbidity from Simulations of the Turbid Black Sea Using HYCOM*

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Abstract
This paper examines the sensitivity of sea surface temperature (SST) to water turbidity in the Black Sea using the eddy-resolving (∼3.2-km resolution) Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), which includes a nonslab K-profile parameterization (KPP) mixed layer model. The KPP model uses a diffusive attenuation coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation (kPAR) processed from a remotely sensed dataset to take water turbidity into account. Six model experiments (expt) are performed with no assimilation of any ocean data and wind/thermal forcing from two sources: 1) European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA) and 2) Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC) Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS). Forced with ECMWF, experiment 1 uses spatially and monthly varying kPAR values over the Black Sea, experiment 2 assumes all of the solar radiation is absorbed at the sea surface, and experiment 3 uses a constant kPAR value of 0.0... Abstract This paper examines the sensitivity of sea surface temperature (SST) to water turbidity in the Black Sea using the eddy-resolving (∼3.2-km resolution) Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), which includes a nonslab K-profile parameterization (KPP) mixed layer model. The KPP model uses a diffusive attenuation coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation (kPAR) processed from a remotely sensed dataset to take water turbidity into account. Six model experiments (expt) are performed with no assimilation of any ocean data and wind/thermal forcing from two sources: 1) European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA) and 2) Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC) Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS). Forced with ECMWF, experiment 1 uses spatially and monthly varying kPAR values over the Black Sea, experiment 2 assumes all of the solar radiation is absorbed at the sea surface, and experiment 3 uses a constant kPAR value of 0.0...