The Development of a Rapid Immunobiosensor Screening Method for the Detection of Residues of Sulphadiazine

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Abstract
A rapid immunoassay using an optical biosensor (BIAcoreTM) for determining the presence of sulphadiazine (SDZ) residues in pig bile was developed. SDZ was immobilised onto the surface of a dextran-coated silicon chip and a solution containing SDZ antibody, sample and buffer was injected over the chip surface. The level of antibody binding to the chip was determined after 20 s and the surface of the chip was then regenerated over a 1-min period prior to another sample injection taking place. Standard curves were constructed to allow quantification of SDZ presence in sample. Concentrations ranging from 0 to 10.64 mu g ml-1 SDZ were detected in bile samples taken from experimentally fed pigs and randomly selected pigs taken from a local slaughterhouse. These results were compared to the concentrations of SDZ detected by high-performance liquid chromatography in associated tissues. When concentrations in bile exceeded 0.6 mu g ml-1 SDZ, the corresponding edible tissue was above the maximum residue level (MRL), i.e. 0.1 mu g g-1 in 13 out of 14 cases. When the bile concentration was less than 0.6 mu ml-1 the associated tissue concentrations never exceeded the MRL. This experiment has indicated that biosensor analysis of bile is a highly effective method for detecting violative SDZ residues in meat.