Elevated Levels of Anti-Heat Shock Protein Antibodies in Patients with Cerebral Ischemia

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Abstract
One of the important mechanisms involved in the development of vascular lesions leading to ischemic stroke could be an immune response to heat shock proteins (hsp). For carotid atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, an association with an increase in anti-hsp 65 antibodies has been demonstrated. The aim of our study was (1) to investigate whether ischemic stroke is associated with a humoral immune response to hsp; (2) to study the connection between anti-hsp antibodies and other stroke risk factors; (3) to estimate if the elevated levels of anti-hsp antibodies could be an independent risk factor for stroke. We examined 180 patients (in the first 48 h after stroke onset) and 64 age-matched healthy controls. The levels of IgG and IgM antibodies to hsp 65 and 70 were measured by ELISA. Ischemic stroke was connected with a significant elevation of anti-hsp 65 and anti-hsp 70 antibody levels (IgG and IgM) compared with controls (p < 0.0001). The multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that increased levels of anti-hsp 65 and anti-hsp 70 IgG antibodies are independent risk factors for stroke. Our results suggest that humoral immunity to hsp is common in stroke patients and that elevated levels of anti-hsp antibodies could be triggering factors for stroke.