Tip–sample interaction forces in scanning tunneling microscopy: Effects of contaminants

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Abstract
We have made simultaneous measurements of the tunnel current and the force of interaction as a gold-coated cantilever approaches towards and recedes from a gold sample in atmosphere. We will describe the effects arising from the surface contaminant layer. We also have made an estimation of the minimum value of the contact (repulsive) force that should be present for tunneling between gold and gold in air to be observed.

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