The mechanism of nucleation in uniaxial ferromagnets

Abstract
The nucleation of the uniform rotation mode for uniaxial ferromagnets is rigorously determined including the second anisotropy constant K2. The results show that the value of K2 will affect both the hysteresis loop and nucleation field significantly. For example, the square loops, for the easy axis direction, are rounded for certain values of K2. The relation Hk=2K1/MS needs to be modified when K2 is taken into account. Modified astroids are used to analyze the angular dependence of hysteresis loop. The calculated angular variation of Hc show bell-, M-, and W-type dependence. For certain values of second anisotropy the easy axis may be oblique to the c axis.

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