Absorption rates of subcutaneously injected insulin in the dog as calculated from the plasma insulin levels by means of a simple mathematical model

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Abstract
The appearance rate of insulin (calculated insulin secretion rate) in the circulating blood after subcutaneous injection was estimated in diabetic dogs from serial measurements of immunoreactive insulin concentrations using a simple mathematical model based on the insulin half-life and the distribution space. In the case of highly purified monocomponent porcine insulin, maximum concentrations occurred after 30–60 min. The duration of insulin appearance was dose-dependent and the rate of appearance could be described by a bi-exponential function. It was linearly dose-dependent but the effect on glycaemia showed saturation kinetics. The action of the injected dose on the fasting glycaemia diminished when the appearance rate became -1 · min-1. Fractional dose recovery was between 70% and 90% and was not different between depot and regular insulin. Appearance kinetics were not significantly affected by the initial glycaemia. The model presented provides a means for quantitative characterization of different insulin preparations.