Separation of Closely Related Asymmetric Penicillia by Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography and Mycotoxin Production

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Abstract
The relationships among 9 different isolates of Penicillium crustosum were studied by pyrolysis-gas chromatography (Py-GC) coupled with a pattern recognition analysis (PR). The results obtained were compared to mycotoxin production profiles of the isolates. Based on the Py-GC analyses the isolates could be divided into 2 well-differentiated groups, and one of these groups could be further subdivided. Based on mycotoxin analyses the isolates could be divided into 3 groups: one group (P. crustosum s.s.] in which the fungi produced penitrem A, roquefortine C and terrestric acid, one group ("P. caseiphilum" = P. camembertii group II) producing cyclopiazonic acid, and a 3rd group (P. verrucosum var. melanochlorum = P. mali) with isolates producing none of these toxins. Basically, the Py-GC-PR grouping agreed with the mycotoxin profile grouping, although the agreement was not perfect. The taxonomic treatment of these strains as 1 species thus seems unsatisfactory. The Py-GC-PR method appears quite useful as one aid in establishing criteria for studies of relationships between related fungi.

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