Choline and lecithin in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia: preliminary results from a pilot study

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Abstract
Tardive dyskinesia is thought to reflect increased dopaminergic activity of the CNS. To compensate for this by increasing CNS cholinergic tone, oral choline was administered with its natural dietary source, lecithin, to 5 men with mild to severe tardive dyskinesia in a nonblind trial. Both choline and lecithin increased serum choline levels and improved abnormal movements in all patients. Lecithin had fewer adverse effects. [Tardive dyskinesia is a disorder of abnormal involuntary movements associated with the ingestion of neuroleptic drugs.].