Compliance of Mechanical Contacts and Its Significance for Ultrasonic Hardness Testing and for Vibration-Amplitude Measurements

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Abstract
The contact between two elastic bodies, pressed against one another by a steady force, has the properties of a spring whose compliance depends primarily on the elastic moduli and on the area of real contact. If the bodies in contact are mechanical resonators, then the magnitude of the contact compliance can be derived from the shifts that the resonance frequencies undergo when the contact is made. The bigger the area of contact, the bigger are the resulting frequency shifts. Thus, it becomes possible to measure hardness. When measuring vibration amplitudes with a pointed sensor, the contact compliance produces an error that can be corrected by measuring the frequency shift of the sensor rod and inserting it into a correction formula.

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