Aspetti Enzimatici Della Maturazione e Germinazione dei Semi di Ricino

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Abstract
Enzyme levels during ripening and germination of castor bean seeds. — During the development of the endosperm of castor bean seeds two distinct phases can be recognized: pre-maturation and germination. The former is characterized, metabolically, by the rapid conversion of carbohydrates into lipids, and storage proteins. The latter is characterized by the reconversion of these storage materials into sugars. Both these processes are dependent upon the activity of the glycolytic pathway; for this reason the behaviour of some enzymes of this pathway and, in general, of the carbohydrate metabolism have been studied during the two phases. The changes (during the evolution of the seeds) of the following enzymes have been studied: Gl-6-P-dehydrogenase, 6-P-gluconate dehydrogenase, P-glucomutase, Hexokinase Hexoseisomerase, Aldolase, alcaline and acid Phosphatase, Pyrophosphatase and ATP-ase. All these activities have been measured in the 20.000 × g supernatant fraction of cell homogenates. The results show that all the enzymes activities measured increase rapidly during the period of accumulation of storage materials. In the following period all of these activities decrease until the stage of ripeness of the seed. During the first few days of germination the activities increase again rapidly. A particular behaviour is the one of Fr-1-6-P-phosphatase (the enzyme cleaving the phosphate bond in C 1 position). This enzyme reaches during germination a level much higher than the maximal observed during the ripening process. This might be an important fact correlated with the inversion of the glycolytic reactions during germination.