Age and memory as factors in problem solving.

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Abstract
6- AND 9-YR-OLDS, AND ADULTS WERE PROVIDED WITH AN ACCURATE RECORD OF PAST RESPONSES AND THEIR OUTCOMES IN A 3-CHOICE TASK, IN WHICH 1 OF THE ALTERNATIVES WAS REINFORCED 66% OF THE TIMES IT WAS CHOSEN, AND THE OTHER 2 WERE NEVER REINFORCED. WHEN COMPARED WITH SS NOT PROVIDED SUCH INFORMATION, 9-YR-OLDS WITH A MEMORY AID WERE FOUND TO CHOOSE THE PAYOFF ALTERNATIVE MORE FREQUENTLY, AND MAKE FEWER SIMPLE RESPONSE PATTERNS, WHILE ADULTS WERE NOT AFFECTED BY SUCH INFORMATION. 5-YR-OLDS, HOWEVER, MADE FEWER CHOICES OF THE PAYOFF ALTERNATIVE WITH A MEMORY AID PRESENT THAN DID SS OF THE SAME AGE WITH NO MEMORY AID. A 2ND STUDY SHOWED THAT THE EFFECT OF THE MEMORY AID ON THE 9-YR-OLDS WAS NOT SIMPLY THE RESULT OF SS BEING AWARE THAT ONLY 1 OF THE 3 ALTERNATIVES PAID OFF. THESE RESULTS ARE DISCUSSED IN RELATION TO THOSE OF AN EARLIER STUDY, AND THE ROLE OF MEMORY IN DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES IN PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGIES IS EMPHASIZED. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)

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