Scanning and transmission electron microscopy and high resolution intravital video‐microscopy of capillaries in the mouse exocrine pancreas, with special emphasis on endothelial cells

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Abstract
Capillaries in the mouse exocrine pancreas were studied by scanning electron microscopy of microvascular corrosion casts, transmission electron microscopy of tissue sections, and high resolution intravital video‐microscopy. Two types of capillaries were discerned by corrosion casting. The first type was rather straight, had a constant diameter of 5–6 μm, and its surface showed multiple circumferential furrows. The frequency of such constrictions was less in the second type, which was more undulated and had a diameter of 7–9 μm. In the second type, these constrictions defined bulged areas of the capillary cast. Corresponding tissue sections also showed two types of capillaries, fenestrated and non‐fenestrated capillaries. Microtubules were abundant in all capillary endothelial cells, whereas bundles of microfilaments were scarce. Microtubules were arranged along the long axis of endothelial cells as well as parallel to endothelial cell border regions. Endothelial cells were joined by intermediate junctions along cell borders running both circumferentially and longitudinally. Flow reversal in capillaries and spontaneous endothelial contractions were documented in vivo. Endothelial cells bulged into the lumen, either at their nuclear region or distant from it. Spontaneous contraction of pericytes was not observed. These results suggest that contraction of capillaries is carried out by endothelial cells, representing an autonomous flow regulatory device. Capillary contraction in exocrine pancreas may be influenced by blood‐borne agents, probably by those released in Langerhans islets. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss Inc.