Use of the Iced Cystogram to Differentiate Bladder Neck and External Sphincter Obstruction

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Abstract
An iced cystogram was done on 31 patients with neurogenic bladder and voiding dysfunction. Five distinguishable patterns were observed upon which therapeutic measures to improve balance were based. The iced cystogram was a simple, inexpensive yet reliable technique to assess detrusor sphincter imbalance. The therapeutic options were delineated more clearly, and results of the treatment were made more predictable.