Relationships between seasonal changes in serum testosterone concentrations, scrotal circumference and sperm morphology of male wapiti (Cervus elaphus)

Abstract
One 2-yr-old and 4 adult (> 3 yr old) wapiti were studied throughout 1 yr. Serum testosterone concentrations, scrotal circumference and % normal spermatozoa in the ejaculate peaked around Sep. Testosterone levels fell sharply by Nov., but scrotal circumference declined less sharply and normal sperm production occurred until March. There were indications of a secondary peak in these values around Feb.-March.