Analysis of estolides in technical hydroxylated fatty acids from plant oils

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Abstract
Gel permeation chromatography of hydroxylated fatty acids (HOFA), prepared from various plant oils by a novel technical process, showed the presence of considerable amounts of estolides formed by intermolecular esterification of the HOFA. Thin‐layer chromatographic fractionation followed by gas chromatography of the fractions revealed that the nonpolar estolides contain predominantly saturated fatty acids esterified tothero‐9, 10‐dihydroxy octadecanoic acid or dihydroxy tetrahydrofuran octadecanoic acids, e.g., 9,12‐dihydroxy‐10, 13‐epoxy octadecanoic acid and 10,13‐dihydroxy‐9, 12‐epoxy octadecanoic acid. The fractions of polar estolides consist mainly of intermolecular esters of the above dihydroxy fatty acids.