A Younger Age for the Universe

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Abstract
The age of the universe in the Big Bang model can be calculated from three parameters: Hubble's constant, h ; the mass density of the universe, Ω m ; and the cosmological constant, Ω Λ . Recent observations of the cosmic microwave background and six other cosmological measurements reduce the uncertainty in these three parameters, yielding an age for the universe of 13.4 ± 1.6 billion years, which is a billion years younger than other recent age estimates. A different standard Big Bang model, which includes cold dark matter with a cosmological constant, provides a consistent and absolutely time-calibrated evolutionary sequence for the universe.
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