A study of magnetic hardening in Sm(Co0.69Fe0.22Cu0.07Zr0.02)7.22

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Abstract
Magnetic hardening has been examined in the commercial Sm(Co, Fe, Cu, Zr)7.22 permanent magnet by correlating the magnetic properties with the microstructure of the sample. The shape of the initial magnetization curve and magnetic domain observations indicate that there is more than one magnetic hardening process involved in this magnet. This is consistent with microstructure studies which show the existence of nonmagnetic Cu‐rich precipitates and 1:5 phase lamellae distributed in a 2:17 rhombohedral matrix. The presence of the lower Tc 1:5 ferromagnetic phase in the higher Tc 2:17 phase is responsible for the peak observed in the M(T) curve around 870 K and in the change of slope in the Hc(T) curve around 800 K.