Reactions of cysteamine and other amine metabolites with glyoxylate and oxygen catalyzed by mammalian D-amino acid oxidase.

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Abstract
Pig kidney D-amino acid oxidase [D-amino-acid:oxygen oxido reductase (deaminating), EC 1.4.3.3] catalyzes a rapid uptake of O2 when high concentrations (50-100 mM) of glyoxylate and the following amines are present under usual assay conditions (pH 8.3): cysteamine, 2-aminoethanol, putrescine, D,L-1-amino-2-propanol, D,L-2-amino-1-propanol, 3-amino-1-propanol, D,L-octopamine, ethylenediamine and L-cysteine ethyl ester. Notable physiological amines that do not support a rapid O2 reaction under the above conditions include histamine, serotonin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, spermidine, spermine and cadaverine. A more detailed kinetic investigation of the reactions involving the first 4 reactive amines listed above indicated that the cysteamine reaction proceeds at a rapid rate even when cysteamine and glyoxylate are present at less than mM concentrations, but greater than mM concentrations are needed in the other amine reactions in order to observe a reasonable rate. At low concentrations and pH 7.4, the cysteamine-glyoxylate substrate (presumably thiazolidine-2-carboxylic acid) reacts an order of magnitude faster than any other known D-amino acid oxidase substrate. Considerable circumstantial evidence suggests that the reaction involving cysteamine is occurring physiologically, but the reactions of other amines should be occurring in the cell at a very low rate, if at all. The product of the enzymic reaction may be a metabolic effector that can modify the reactivity of proteins or nucleic acids by covalent attachment.