Incidence and inheritance of resistance to METI‐acaricides in European strains of the two‐spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

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Abstract
A strain of Tetranychus urticae (Koch; Acari: Tetranychidae), collected from hops (Humulus humuli L; Cannabaceae) in England with a short history of tebufenpyrad use, exhibited resistance to four METI (mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor)‐acaricides; tebufenpyrad, pyridaben, fenazaquin and fenpyroximate. Resistance factors for these compounds in a micro‐immersion assay were 46, 346, 168 and 77 respectively, and corresponded to those exhibited by a Japanese METI‐acaricide‐resistant reference strain. Levels of resistance remained stable without further selection, and selection with tebufenpyrad did not increase them. The UK strain was also resistant (c 6‐fold) to bifenthrin. Crosses of homozygous, diploid females with hemizygous, haploid males showed that, in the UK strain, METI‐acaricide resistance was paternally and maternally inherited, and was an incompletely dominant trait. Another tebufenpyrad‐resistant strain from the UK, originating from a chrysanthemum nursery (Chrysanthemum foeniculaceum Giseke; Asteraceae) was collected eight months later at a site c 210 km distant from the first. These are the first published incidences of METI‐acaricide resistance in Europe and implications for the future use of these compounds are discussed.© 2000 Society of Chemical Industry

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