Embryotoxicity of 3,3?,4,4?-tetrachloroazobenzene and 3,3?,4,4?-tetrachioroazoxybenzene in the chick embryo

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Abstract
The toxicity of 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachloroazobenzene (TCAB) and 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachloroazoxybenzene (TCAOB) to chick embryos was examined. TCAB or TCAOB was dissolved in corn oil and injected into the air cell of fertile chicken eggs. The time of injection had a major effect on embryo mortality as eggs injected with TCAB or TCAOB on the fourth day of incubation had a higher incidence of embryo mortality than eggs injected on days 11–13. Both TCAB and TCAOB were more toxic than all other chemicals that have been tested in the chick embryo with the exception of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Comparing the potency of the two compounds, TCAOB was more potent than TCAB in the chick embryo with an estimated LD50 of 12 ng and 44 ng respectively. Rump edema was the major abnormality observed in embryos treated with either TCAB or TCAOB. Other malformations included altered feather pattern and lack of down, hemorrhage, external viscera, reduced body size, failure to withdraw the yolk sac, beak malformation, dilation of blood vessels, and monomicropthalmia. The results of this investigation suggest that both TCAB and TCAOB are teratogenic in the chick embryo.