A Fluorescence Detection Scheme for Capillary Electrophoresis of N-Methylcarbamates with On-Column Thermal Decomposition and Derivatization

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Abstract
This paper describes a fluorescence detection method for N-methylcarbamate (NMC) pesticides in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) separation. Fulfillment of the fluorescence detection hinged on the discovery that quaternary ammonium surfactants (particularly cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB), besides serving as hydrophobic pseudophases in MEKC, are also capable of catalyzing the thermal decomposition of NMCs to liberate methylamine. Thus, a multifunctional MEKC medium consisting of borate buffer, CTAB, and derivatizing components (o-phthaldialdehyde/2-mercaptoethanol) was formulated, which allowed first normal MEKC separation, subsequent thermal decomposition, and finally in situ derivatization of NMCs. With careful optimization of the operation conditions, fluorescence detection of 10 NMC compounds was achieved, with column efficiencies typically higher than 50,000 and detection limits better than 0.5 ppm. The present work represents an unprecedented effort in capillary electrophoresis (CE), in which an intact capillary was consecutively utilized as chambers for separation, decomposition, derivatization, and detection, without involving any interfacing features. The success in the implementation of such a detection system resulted in strikingly simple instrumentation as compared with the traditional postcolumn fluorescence determination of NMCs by reversed-phase HPLC. Similar protocols should be workable in the determination of a wide range of pesticides and pharmaceuticals in CE formats.