A two-fluid turbulence interpretation of energy and particle transport in Tokamaks

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Abstract
The two-fluid equations are used to investigate a turbulence interpretation of transport in Tokamaks. Radial energy balance equations are derived with mean energy fluxes and sources expressed in terms of correlations between the various fluctuating quantities. Ambipolarity and plasma diffusion are discussed, the latter in relation to Tokamaks with negligible particle sources. It is argued that turbulence cannot significantly affect toroidal resistivity, and hence the present analysis is consistent with the experimentally 'observed' Spitzer value. Application to MACROTOR suggests that other gross features, including the energy confinement time, can also be qualitatively interpreted.