Flavonoid Chemistry and the Phylogenetic Relationships of the Idiospermaceae

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Abstract
Leaf flavonoids of Idiospermum australiense were examined and compared with those of Calycanthus and Chimonanthus (Calycanthaceae). Flavonoid data, in conjunction with morphological and anatomical features, were used to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships of the taxa. Five flavonol glycosides, based upon the aglycones quercetin and kaempferol, were isolated and identified from Calycanthus occidentalis, C. floridus, and Chimonanthus praecox. Two flavones (7-O-diglucosides of apigenin and luteolin) and a di-C-glycosylflavone were detected in Idiospermum. No intermediate flavonoid patterns between the two groups were found. We feel that the distinctive nature of the flavonoids of Idiospermum, together with the morphological and anatomical differences between the Calycanthaceae and Idiospermum that have been reported, support removing Idiospermum from the Calycanthaceae and placing it in a separate family, the Idiospermaceae.

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