Abstract
The development of practical high power fiber lasers has created a resurgence of interest in Raman amplifiers for telecommunications systems. In this paper, we review the applications of cladding-pumped fiber lasers and cascaded Raman lasers to distributed and discrete, analog and digital Raman amplifiers at both 1.3 and 1.5 micrometers and to remotely pumped amplifiers in repeaterless communication systems.

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