Targeting Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 in Immunotherapies for Melanoma and Other Cancers
- 10 May 2010
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Taylor & Francis in Immunotherapy
- Vol. 2 (3) , 367-379
- https://doi.org/10.2217/imt.10.21
Abstract
The immune system can simultaneously protect against tumor growth and sculpt resistant tumor strains. By a variety of mechanisms, anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4 therapy may shift such opposing forces towards tumor elimination. In recent clinical trials, anti-CTLA-4 therapy induces durable responses that correlate with markers of immune activity, such as antigen-specific CD4(+) or CD8(+) cytokine release, antitumor antibody formation or cellular phenotype differentiation. However, some patients exhibit atypical responses to anti-CTLA-4 therapy, demonstrating transient/delayed responses or heterogeneity by lesion site. Such atypical responses may offer insight into the mechanism of anti-CTLA-4 therapy. The immunogram - a newly described graphical synthesis of treatment data and immune correlates in individual patients - may help us to confirm, reject or formulate new hypotheses regarding the mechanism of anti-CTLA-4 activity.Keywords
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