Fabrication of Gold Bumps Using Gold Sulfite Plating
- 1 January 1995
- journal article
- Published by The Electrochemical Society in Journal of the Electrochemical Society
- Vol. 142 (1) , 81-87
- https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2043948
Abstract
Intense luminescence whose wavelength is ca. 435 nm is observed under the excitation of 680 nm in phosphors irradiated by x‐rays. From ESR measurements, typical F‐centers are created in the phosphors on x‐ray exposure. These results clearly indicate photostimulated luminescence (PSL) occurring in these phosphors. The substitution sites of Eu2+ ions as well as the concentration of vacancies on the Cl− sites were determined by Rietveld analysis for powder x‐ray diffraction patterns. The mechanism of the PSL in the phosphors is analogous to that of the PSL in the phosphor previously reported, i.e., the PSL occurs due to the liberation of electron trapped on the Cl− site vacancies (F‐centers) created by the x‐ray irradiation.Keywords
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