A guide to the neuroanatomy of locust suboesophageal and thoracic ganglia

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Abstract
The organization of the thoracic and suboesophageal ganglia in the locust is presented to provide a framework into which details of individual neurons can be inserted as information becomes available. Three species were examined,Chortoicetes terminifera(Walker),Schistocerca gregaria(Forskål) andLocusta migratoria migratorioides(Reiche and Fairmaire). The basic plan of the ganglia is similar in all three species. Series of selected sections in transverse, horizontal and sagittal planes are illustrated to show the arrangement of the main nerve fibre tracts and areas of neuropil, and these are described briefly. A guide is given to prominent features that assist in the interpretation of sections in each plane. In the simpler mesothoracic and prothoracic ganglia nine longitudinal tracts are present in each half of the neuromere, and six dorsal and four ventral transverse tracts (commissures) link the two halves. Four vertical or oblique tracts are conspicuous, the T-tract, ring tract, C-tract and I-tract. Major roots of each peripheral nerve useful as landmarks are numbered from anterior to posterior. Two regions of fine fibrous neuropil are prominent, the ventral association centre and an area associated with the ring tract, a little above it. In the metathoracic ganglion three abdominal neuromeres are fused posteriorly to the true metathoracic neuromere. All four neuromeres show modification of the basic framework chiefly in the arrangement of the ventral commissures and the degree of development of the ventral association centre. In the suboesophageal ganglion three neuromeres, mandibular, maxillary and labial, are fused together from anterior to posterior. They show increasing modification of the basic plan anteriorly. Additional anterior longitudinal tracts are present, which connect with the brain, the dorsal commissures are much reduced and compressed, particularly in the mandibular neuromere, and the ventral commissures of all three neuromeres differ considerably from those of the thoracic ganglia.