Etiology, Symptomology, Epidemiology, and Control of Naemacyclus Needlecast of Scotch Pine

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Abstract
N. minor is a primary parasite of Scotch pine [Pinus sylvestris]; it causes needlecast in Pennsylvania [USA] Christmas tree plantations. The current year''s needles are infected in mid-July and Aug., and again in Nov. Viable ascospores are present throughout the year, and infection may occur any time environmental conditions are favorable. Symptoms develop in Sep. and Oct. after a 10-15 mo. incubation period. Infected needles become yellow with prominent, transverse brown bars. These needles are cast during Oct. and Nov., and the characteristic waxy-tan pothecia then form on them. Optimum temperatures for mycelial growth and development of apothecia in vitro are 25 and 21.degree. C, respectively. Infection was significantly reduced by Manzate 200 [1.7 kg/ha in 939 l of water (= 1.5 lb/100 gal per acre)] applied in Oct. and Nov.

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