Enhanced Raman scattering from cesium suboxides in photocathodes: Ag–O–Cs (S-1) and Bi–Ag–O–Cs (S-10)

Abstract
Raman spectra from photomultipliers having Ag–O–Cs photocathodes (S-1) are found to correspond to the vibrational spectrum of Cs11O3. The wavelength dependence of the Cs11O3 Raman intensity is compared with the radiant sensitivity of the S-1 photocathode, and the possible role of Ag islands in enhancing the Raman intensity and photocurrent is discussed. The composition near the edge of the Bi–Ag–O–Cs photocathode (S-10) was found to be Cs11O3.