Lemna (duckweed) as an indicator of water pollution. I. The sensitivity ofLemna paucicostata to heavy metals

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Abstract
The environmental conditions affecting the growth and multiplication ofLemna paucicostata in the presence of heavy metals were examined to establish a phytometer method for water pollution using the duckweed,Lemna. The pH of the medium, concentration, and composition of the nutrient in the medium, and the temperature at which cultures were maintained, were found to affect the sensitivity ofLemna to heavy metals. Therefore, if the growth and multiplication ofLemna is maintained by a Bonner-Devirian's medium (pH 6.1, 7.1) above 25°C, heavy metals can be detected in water.