SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF CUTANEOUS PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS–XII. SPIN TRAPPING STUDY OF THE FREE RADICALS GENERATED DURING THE PHOTOLYSIS OF PHOTO ALLERGENS BITHIONOL and FENTICHLOR

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Abstract
Free radicals were trapped and observed by ESR when photoallergens bithionol and fentichlor were irradiated in the presence of spin traps N‐t‐butyl‐α‐phenylnitrone (PBN) and 5,5‐dimethyl‐pyrroline‐N‐oxide (DMPO). In the absence of air, both PBN and DMPO trapped a carbon‐centered radical. The carbon‐centered radical, which was capable of abstracting a hydrogen atom from cysteine, glutathione, ethanol and formate, was identified as an aryl radical derived from the homolytic cleavage of the carbon‐chlorine bond. In the presence of air, both carbon‐centered radicals and hydroxyl radicals were trapped by DMPO. Under similar conditions, the yield of the hydroxyl radicals was greater from bithionol than from fentichlor. The presence of the hydroxyl radical was confirmed by kinetic experiments employing hydroxyl radical scavengers (ethanol, formate). Superoxide and H2O2were not involved. Experiments with oxygen‐17O indicated that the hydroxyl radicals came exclusively from dissolved oxygen. The precursor of the hydroxyl radical is postulated to be a peroxy intermediate (ArOO*) derived from the reaction of an aryl radical (Ar*) with molecular oxygen. Both bithionol and fentichlor photoionized only when excited in the UVC (<270 nm) region. Free radicals have long been postulated in the photodechlorination of bithionol and fentichlor and the present study provides supporting evidence for such a mechanism. Aryl and hydroxyl radicals are reactive chemical species which may trigger a series of events that culminate in photoallergy.