Metamodulation: the control and modulation of neuromodulation

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Abstract
Neuromodulatory processes bestow flexibility on neuronal systems. By changing cellular and synaptic properties, neuromodulation alters the flow of information carried by fast synaptic interactions. It enables circuits of neurons to produce more than one mode of behaviour or to have more than one set of response properties. This type of flexibility must be controlled so that those circuits act appropriately to produce adaptive behaviour. How is this flexibility controlled? What activates neuromodulation? Is neuromodulation itself under modulatory control? It seems logical from an engineering standpoint that neuromodulation ought to be well regulated. After all, neuromodulatory inputs can orchestrate entire patterns of behaviour.

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