High irreversibility fields and current densities in ${\mathrm{NdBa}}_2{\mathrm{Cu}}_3{\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{-}\mathrm{\delta }}$ single crystals and melt-textured samples

${\mathrm{NdBa}}_2{\mathrm{Cu}}_3{\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{-}\mathrm{\delta }}$ single crystals and melt-textured samples were prepared in reduced atmospheres starting from the Nd-poor side of the phase diagram in order to minimize the Nd/Ba substitution and the second phase content. Current density $j$ and irreversibility field $B_{\mathrm{irr}}$ were measured as a function of temperature and angle between the $c$ axis and applied field direction in samples with different impurity and oxygen contents. Current density vs field shows a pronounced peak effect which results from small clusters of oxygen vacancies, whereas a second peak is related to the twin structure. The current density at 77 K is for fields up to 4 T above $4\times {10}^{4}A/{\mathrm{cm}}^2$ and reaches values of $1.2\times {10}^{5}A/{\mathrm{cm}}^2$ in the peak at 2.1 T. The irreversibility fields parallel to the $c$ axis reach 13.4 and 11.8 T at 77 K in pure and homogeneous single crystals and melt-textured samples, respectively. These extremely high values, which are caused by the twin structure, decrease to 10 and 8 T, respectively, if the current is optimized. The correlation and interference between $j$ and $B_{\mathrm{irr}}$ in the presence of weakly and strongly interacting defects such as small clusters of oxygen vacancies and Nd-422 precipitates, respectively, as well as the influence of the twin structure are analyzed and discussed.