Molecular signals during the early stages of alfalfa anthracnose

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Abstract
Colletotrichum trifolii causes anthracnose disease of alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Fungal perception and response to host signals are likely to be crucial in determining whether successful infection occurs. Our research is based on two premises: (i) that early recognition events result in specific responses and these responses determine whether disease occurs and (ii) recognition involves signal exchange between host and pathogen. We have taken two approaches to study this interaction. One is to isolate "important" genes by methods that make no assumption about their products and then to use molecular characterization (e.g., sequence, expression pattern) to identify the biochemical processes involved. Alternatively, known biochemical entities (genes) that function in signal transduction in other organisms are used as heterologous probes or primers. These molecules are then manipulated to determine functional relevance to the host–pathogen. Data is presented from the later approach and we show that calmodulin, protein kinase C, and a novel protein kinase are specifically expressed during the early stages of infection. Key words: protein kinase, calmodulin, fungal infection, host–parasite interaction, fungal gene expression.