Treatment of menorrhagia during menstruation: randomised controlled trial of ethamsylate, mefenamic acid, and tranexamic acid

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Abstract
Objective: To compare the efficacy and acceptability of ethamsylate, mefenamic acid, and tranexamic acid for treating menorrhagia. Design: Randomised controlled trial. Setting: A university department of obstetrics and gynaecology. Subjects: 76 women with dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Interventions: Treatment for five days from day 1 of menses during three consecutive menstrual periods. 27 patients were randomised to take ethamsylate 500 mg six hourly, 23 patients to take mefenamic acid 500 mg eight hourly, and 26 patients to take tranexamic acid 1 g six hourly. Main outcome measures: Menstrual loss measured by the alkaline haematin method in three control menstrual periods and three menstrual periods during treatment; duration of bleeding; patient's estimation of blood loss; sanitary towel usage; the occurrence of dysmenorrhoea; and unwanted events. Results: Ethamsylate did not reduce mean menstrual blood loss whereas mefenamic acid reduced blood loss by 20% (mean blood loss 186 ml before treatment, 148 ml during treatment) and tranexamic acid reduced blood loss by 54% (mean blood loss 164 ml before treatment, 75 ml during treatment). Sanitary towel usage was significantly reduced in patients treated with mefenamic acid and tranexamic acid. Conclusions: Tranexamic acid given during menstruation is a safe and highly effective treatment for excessive bleeding. Patients with dysfunctional uterine bleeding should be offered medical treatment with tranexamic acid before a decision is made about surgery. In any year around 5% of women aged 30-49 years visit their general practitioners with menor-rhagia Every year in the United Kingdom around 45 000 hysterectomies and a further 10 000 endometrial ablations are performed for menorrhagia The commonest drug prescribed in the British Isles for menorrhagia (norethisterone) has little or no effect in reducing menstrual bleeding Tranexamic acid (an antifibrinolytic) 1 g six to eight hourly reduces menstrual blood loss by over half and should be offered to women with dysfunctional bleeding before a decision is made about surgery