Iodine, bromine and chlorine contents in solls and plants of Japan

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Abstract
As apart of the studies on the determination of the average contents of iodine, bromine and chlorine in the soils and plants of Japan, the contents of the 3 elements were evaluated according to land utilization in the basin of the Miomote River, Niigata Prefecture, and the results were as follows. 1) The average contents of iodine and bromine in the soils of the forest and upland fields were almost 10 times higher than those recorded in data from overseas, but the content of chlorine was similar to the average level reported (for horizon A of the forest soil; 36 ppm of iodine, 81 ppm of bormine and 95 ppm of chlorine). 2) In the paddy soils, the chlorine content was slightly lower than that in the forest and upland soils, while iodine and bromine contents were more than 10 times lower (plow layer; 1.6 ppm of iodine, 7.0 ppm of bromine, 67 ppm of chlorine) than in the former. These findings were ascribed to the eluviation of iodine and bromine from the soH under submerged conditions. 3) In the Brown Forest Soils, there was a positive correlation between the content of the 3 elements and carbon content, with the correlation coefficient being γ=0.82*** for chlorine, γ=0.69*** for bromine and γ=052** for iodine, respectively. 4) The average content of the 3 elements in the leaves of all plants was similar or slightly higher than the contents reported previously outside of Japan (wild plants; 0.35 ppm of iodine, 30.0 ppm of bromine, 3,390 ppm of chlorine). 5) The concentration factor for the 3 elements in the wild plants (content in leaves of plant per dry weight/content in horizon-A of soil [on a dry weight basis]) was 0.010 for iodine, 037 for bromine and 36 for chlorine, respectively, suggesting that there was a considerable difference among the elements. 6) In most of the soils from forest land and upland fields in the basin of the Miomote Rh'er, iodine and bromine from the soil become dissolved in association with the conversion of the forest land and upland field to the paddy field. This condition may be damaging to the rice plants due to the excessive absorption of iodine and the increase in the contents of bromine residues in crops that exceed the permissible limits.

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