The genome of frog virus 3, an animal DNA virus, is circularly permuted and terminally redundant.

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Abstract
The structure of the frog virus 3 (FV 3) genome was examined by EM and biochemical techniques. The linear FV 3 DNA molecules (MW .apprxeq. 100 .times. 106) formed circles when partially degraded with bacteriophage .lambda. 5''-exonuclease and annealed, but not when the annealing was done without prior exonuclease digestion. The DNA molecules appear to contain direct terminal repeats. The repeated region composed .apprx. 4% of the genome. Complete denaturation of native FV 3 DNA molecules followed by renaturation produced duplex circles each bearing 2 single-stranded tails at different points along the circumference. The tails presumably represent the terminal repeats. The formation of duplex circles suggests that the FV 3 genome is circularly permuted. This is further borne out by failure to identify a specific restriction endonuclease fragment containing the label when the molecular ends were radiolabeled by the polynucleotide kinase procedure and similarity in the restriction patterns of virion DNA and large concatemeric replicating viral DNA as revealed by endonucleolytic cleavage of both DNA with HindIII. The FV 3 genome is both circularly permuted and terminally redundant unique features for an animal virus.

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