Shewanella profunda sp. nov., isolated from deep marine sediment of the Nankai Trough

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Abstract
A novel piezotolerant, mesophilic, facultatively anaerobic, organotrophic, polarly flagellated bacterium (strain LT13aT) was isolated from a deep sediment layer in the Nankai Trough (Leg 190, Ocean Drilling Program) off the coast of Japan. This organism used a wide range of organic substrates as sole carbon and energy sources: pyruvate, glutamate, succinate, fumarate, lactate, citrate, peptone and tryptone. Oxygen, nitrate, fumarate, ferric iron and cystine were used as electron acceptors. Maximal growth rates were observed at a hydrostatic pressure of 10 MPa. Hydrostatic pressure for growth was in the range 0·1–50 MPa. Predominant cellular fatty acids were 16 : 1ω7c, 15 : 0 iso, 16 : 0 and 13 : 0 iso. The G+C content of the DNA was 44·9 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain LT13aTwas shown to belong to theγ-Proteobacteria, being closely related toShewanella putrefaciens(98 %),Shewanella oneidensis(97 %) andShewanella baltica(96 %). Levels of DNA homology between strain LT13aTandS. putrefaciens,S. oneidensisandS. balticawere Trepresents a novel species. Genetic evidence and phenotypic characteristics showed that isolate LT13aTconstitutes a novel species of the genusShewanella. Because of the deep origin of the strain, the nameShewanella profundasp. nov. is proposed, with LT13aT(=DSM 15900T=JCM 12080T) as the type strain.

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