Ultrastructural Observations in the Myocardium Beyond the Region of Acute Coagulation Necrosis Following Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation

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Abstract
We hypothesized that myocardial injury following radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation may extend beyond the region of acute coagulation necrosis as defined by histochemical staining. Five RF lesions were created in vivo in the left ventricle of two dogs using a 4-mm tipped ablation electrode in which RF power was adjusted to maintain an electrode-tissue interface temperature of 85 degrees C for 60 seconds. The lesions were bisected; one half of the lesions were stained with nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and the other half processed for electron microscopy. Three zones of interest were identified extending 0-3 mm, 3-6 mm, and > 6 mm from the visible pathologic lesion border. The degree of ultrastructural injury to the myocardium was scored for each zone. Electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of significant abnormalities of the plasma membrane, mitochondria, sarcomeres, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and gap junctions of myocytes, as well as damage to the microvasculature extending up to 6 mm beyond the pathologic lesion edge. The plasma membrane and gap junctions of myocytes and the microvasculature appeared particularly sensitive to thermal injury, whereas the intercalated discs were relatively thermally resistant. RF catheter ablation results in ultrastructural damage to the myocardium extending up to 6 mm beyond the acute pathologic RF lesion border as defined by NBT histochemical staining.