Abstract
THE act of the Massachusetts legislature by which the state's medical society was formally incorporated in 1781 begins by referring to health as "essentially necessary to the happiness of society" and to its preservation or recovery as "closely connected with the knowledge of the animal economy [i.e., physiology], and of the properties and effects of medicines. . . ." 1 The Massachusetts Medical Society was born in the late 18th century, that period of unprecedented innovation in many fields of intellectual activity that even then was called the Age of Enlightenment. In America, the major accomplishment of that period was the . . .

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