Nasal Vaccination,Escherichia coliEnterotoxin, and Bell's Palsy

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Abstract
In 1997, a Swiss Company (Berna Biotech) received approval to market an inactivated influenza vaccine for parenteral administration that consists of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface antigens of influenzavirus incorporated into liposomes. This virosome vaccine was subsequently used in the formulation of an influenzavirus vaccine for intranasal administration. To optimize both mucosal and systemic immune responses to the nasal vaccine, heat-labile Escherichia coli enterotoxin, one of the most powerful mucosal adjuvants known, was included in the formulation. The clinical studies showed that clinically significant antibody responses to influenzavirus were elicited by this vaccine, as evidenced in both nasopharyngeal secretions and . . .

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