Observations on Three Important Forest Insects1

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Abstract
The pine spittle bug (Aphrophora parallela Say) has caused severe damage to Scotch pine plantings in Pennsylvania. The extensive feeding of the adults and nymphs causes retardation in growth to such an extent that the trees die. The fruit-tree leaf-roller(Cacoecia argyrospila Walker) and the elm spanworm (Ennomos subsignarius Hubner) have caused the death of many hardwoods, especially oaks, in various parts of the State. The larvae defoliate the trees and make them susceptible to the attack of secondary insects, chief of which is the two-lined chestnut borer (Agrilus bilineatus Weber).

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