Heated Clotting Factors and Seroconversion for Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Three Hemophilic Patients

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Abstract
To the editor: Clotting factor concentrates have been heated since 1984 to inactivate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Hemophilic patients seronegative for HIV treated exclusively with heated concentrates at first showed no seroconversion (1-3). Later, two hemophiliacs seroconverted after having been treated with the same factor VIII concentrate that had been heated in the lyophilized state (freeze-dried) at 60 °C for 30 hours (4, 5). This relatively low heating temperature and short time period might be insufficient to inactivate HIV. During our follow-up of 63 hemophiliacs who were seronegative before the exclusive usage of heated concentrates was initiated, three became persistently

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