The percentage D state and the quadrupole moment of the deuteron

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Abstract
Rigorous lower bounds to the percentage D state of the deuteron which improve Klarsfeld's (1974) previous estimates, are derived, assuming that the deuteron wavefunction is known outside different interaction radii. The sensitivity of the quadrupole moment (QD) to the deuteron wavefunction in the interior region is investigated by means of various finite-range unitary transformations and rigorous upper bounds are then obtained on the variation in QD for arbitrary but finite-range transformations. Finally, it is shown that the experimental value of QD, which is difficult if not impossible to fit with energy-independent interactions in the impulse approximation can be fitted if the pair current contribution to QD is included. However an improved estimate of the minimum PD is not obtained in this way.