Paraplegia following epidural potassium chloride

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Abstract
Summary: A patient is presented in whom 15 ml of 15% potassium chloride (30 mM) mixed with bupivacaine was injected epidurally for relief of pain resulting from widespread pelvic malignancy. Within minutes the patient complained of severe pain in both the lower limbs and rapidly became paraplegic with bladder and bowel incontinence. The paraplegia was permanent. The transient symptoms of pain may have been partly due to the irritant effects of a hyperosmolar solution of potassium chloride in the epidural space, while the permanent neurological damage might have been due to the very high extracellular concentration of potassium leading on to a depolarising phenomenon initially followed by nerve tissue necrosis.