Binding of Polyphosphates and Phosphonates to Hydroxyapatite, Subsequent Hydrolysis, Phosphate Exchange and Effects on Demineralization, Mineralization and Microcrystal Aggregation

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Abstract
The polyphosphates pyro-, tripoly-, trimeta- and hexametaphosphate were bound to hydroxyapatite (HA) in much larger amounts in an H2O-labile (removed by H2O washing) than in an H2O-stable (crystal) compartment. Approximately 1 PO4 group was liberated per polyphosphate molecule bound in both compartments. Incubation of HA containing polyphosphates in the crystal compartment gave rise to the liberation of PO4, most of which came from HA-catalyzed polyphosphate hydrolysis, but some of which came from solubilization of HA and possibly from displacement of crystal PO4 via exchange. Crystal-bound phosphonates (ethanehydroxy-11-diphosphonate and methane diphosphonate) neither hydrolyzed nor exchanged further with crystal PO4. The relative amounts of binding and hydrolysis of the test substances as well as their relative effects in solubilizing HA in H2O, reducing HA acid solubility and inhibiting mineralization and microcrystal aggregation were determined. The results are discussed with respect to known or implied anticaries activity.

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