Uplift Forces on Foundations in Frost Heaving Soils

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Abstract
Field studies of uplift forces by frost heaving are described for columns of various types and sizes and for a block concrete wall. The changing ground surface heave pattern around the block wall was used to predict the maximum heaving force which compared favorably with the measured value.Unit adfreeze strengths and maximum uplift forces were highest for steel columns, followed by concrete and wood; the lowest values were for the block concrete wall. In general, unit adfreeze strengths were highest for the small diameter columns and lowest on the largest columns. Differences are ascribed to the response of the various materials to air temperatures and to the shape and size of the structure.

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